Information: nuts to crack #1 of 2

1 serving

Ingredients

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Directions

Long a baking staple, nuts in various textures and shapes grace a prolific range of sweets and savories. They add two important and discernable qualities to baked goods -- texture (crunch) and flavor.

When whole or very coarsely chopped nuts (such as macadamias, hazelnuts, walnuts and the like) are added to a pound-cake batter, they create a pretty and tasty mosaic when slices of the cake are present on a serving plate; finely ground nuts (usually walnuts or pecans), often employed as a substitute for flour, thoroughly bind a soufflelike cake batter; and slivers of nuts add an interesting texture to refrigerator slice-and-bake cookies or biscotti.

Critical to the success of baking with nuts is the way in which they are processed before whiskey, stirring, folding and beating into a batter or dough. In certain recipes, smaller-sized nuts (especially pine nuts) are incorporated whole, but the majority of nuts are usually used ground or chopped, whether fine, regular or coarse.

What exactly is the difference between a coarse chop and a fine one? Coarsely chopped nuts appear as odd, irregularly shaped bits about the size of dried lima beans (or sometimes larger), while the more commonly called-for regular chopped nuts are the size of navy beans.

Finely chopped nuts are about the size of lentils.

Ground nuts are powdery, with a soft, never oily, fine texture.

Ground nuts look loose and not at all compact. To reduce nuts to this consistency, it's most desirable to use a grinder especially designed for this purpose. A nut grinder clamps onto the edge of your kitchen counter top. The nuts are placed into a receptacle at the top and held in place with a plunger. When a side handle is turned, the plunger presses the nuts against a grater drum and turns them into a beautifully captured ground mound. A nut grater is one of those infrequently used, but essential, tools that any ardent baker would want to have in his or her collection of equipment.

Measure ground nuts as you would flour, by dipping a dry measuring cup into the nuts (or by spooning the nuts into the cup) and leveling off the overflow with the straight edge of a table knife or metal palette knife.

Whole or chopped nuts used inside cakes, cookies, loaf breads, biscuits, scones, pies and such should be lightly browned before being added to doughs and batters. Browning most nuts brings out their essential oils (and flavor) and greatly enhances the taste of the baked product. Two exceptions are cashews and peanuts, which are perfectly fine used roasted, without any further toasting.

Researching the best temperature for browning nuts -- walnuts, almonds, macadamias, hazelnuts -- has, in testing, produces two different heat settings, 350xF and 375xF. Using chopped walnuts for the test, I browned one batch of chopped nuts at 350xF for about 6-10 minutes, and another at 375xF for 5-6 minutes. Those baked at the higher temperature for the shorter period of time seemed to have a firmer, crunchier but less "meaty" texture than the nuts baked at the lower temperature for the longer amount of time. Also, baking the nuts at the lower temperature finished them to a golden color; this is preferable, as the essential taste of the nut is preserved, with none of the harshness of overcooked nuts.

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